Monetary And Sustainable Development Uk Governments Have...

Macro-economic policy is designed to achieve the aims of full employment, stable prices and sustainable development. In order to achieve them, policies and targets are set by governments. These policies are mainly monetary and fiscal. In this essay, I will examine the aims and policy objectives which UK governments have pursued from the credit crunch of 2008 up to the present time. The credit crunch in 2008 was caused by irresponsible mortgage lending by banks. High-risk loans were made to people who were at considerable risk of not being able to repay them. These loans were then packaged together and sold on in to the investment market. Investors bought the safer tranches because they trusted the triple-A credit ratings assigned by†¦show more content†¦The stock market had a frantic time in the month from September 29th 2008, as shares decreased hugely in value. The economy was pushed in to recession. How did the UK government response to this global crisis? From 2007 to 2010 the Labour government was in power. Gordon Brown was the PM and Alistair Darling the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The labour government applied Keynesian economic theory to stimulate the economy. This would allow citizens to have more money to spend and help generate economy recovery. Interest rates were a key weapon in the fight. Between May 2008 and April 2009 UK bank base rate was reduced from 5% to 0.5% (where it has remained ever since). The government wanted to encourage the population to spend more by reducing the cost of borrowing. Between March and November 2009 the bank of England purchased  £200 billion of financial assets from UK banks, using newly created money . This so-called â€Å"quantitative easing† was designed to give banks more money to inject in to the economy. The Labour government also applied fiscal policy to the problem. They continued to run a large budget deficit. They also applied fiscal stimulus. In particular, they cut VAT in November 2008 to give the population more money to spend. The Labour government also effectively nationalised two major UK banks (HBOS and Royal Bank of Scotland) after their discovered how vulnerable these banks had

How The Cross Sectional Factors Affect Inner City Youth Essay

I. Introduction to Delinquency Over the last few years modern America has seen an increase in the strain and criminality of inner-city youth. There are many factors that lead to the delinquency of minority youth. However, when it comes to the social construct of segregation, criminologists can predict that today’s inner-city youth have few options when it comes to their future. Today’s socially constructed ghettos have developed stresses such as poverty, over policing and racial segregation, creating tension between inner-city youth and the social factors surrounding them. Many criminologists believe there to be a correlation between a cross-sectional view of factors that lead young Latino and African American youth to develop their delinquent habits. Within this argument the paper will discuss how the cross-sectional factors of age, class and race discourage impoverished inner-city youth and veer them towards delinquency. The discussion will be supported by ten separate sources, linked between five topics the paper will present how the three factors of difference (age, class and race) have an effect on the populations of inner-city youth. II. Literature Review: The Five Stresses In this section the paper will introduce five stresses or topics supported by the scholarly articles, presenting the key findings of those articles and how they relate to the three categories of difference. The five topics, supported by the references are the effects of school inequality andShow MoreRelatedThe Media Of Teen Drug Abuse2396 Words   |  10 Pagesin the media regarding teen drug abuse, and does this stereotype hold any ground? We chose to research this topic because of the common stigma that the media portrays on every day African American teens, and we wanted to know how this effects their everyday lives, like how they are treated because of this stigma. 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The authors have brought their wealth of experience

Our appearance can be an important factor In developing a sense of our identity free essay sample

?â€Å"Our appearance can be an important factor In developing a sense of our identity† I often wonder around the city aimlessly capturing the atmosphere that the city unfolds itself by taking photos of buildings, riots, and most importantly the city people. For years people have ensnared me, countless of times I have sat on a train or at cafe just gazing at them. Their personalities, their mannerism and the lives they lead have always seem to drawn me in. I often find myself thinking what has shaped them? As I walk down flinders street steps, my attention is lead to the prominent sight of â€Å"emos†, sitting there, with their groups smoking looking glum. Their garments are most prominently black with hints of red. Black jeans with a studded belt over the top, black t-shirt that often features some type of band name on it, black converse shoes and maybe a few safety pins thrown in for good measure. We will write a custom essay sample on Our appearance can be an important factor In developing a sense of our identity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To create a contrast their layered hair with long straight bangs range from peroxide blonde to blues and green. Their piercing obtrude from their body as coy people brisk down the steps in a fast pace avoiding any eye contact with these perceived teenager delinquents. Rather then diminishing their identities in order to belong, they represent themselves through their appearance reflecting their strong sense of sense and their emotions of hating the world and being all black. Marieke Hardy is one who takes great care in making sure her appearance complements her personality, which infuses her uniqueness. In the article she wrote in the age, Hardy reflects how her sense of fashion consists of â€Å"an assault of red and white polka dots, bright lipstick†¦and flower adorned hair† portraying how the sense of clothes she wears strengthens her identity and shows off her personality. She claims that her bold and in your face attitude is mirrored through her facade. J Alexander a judge from Americans Next Top Model also makes sure his appearances denotes his sense of place. J Alexander dresses very feminism and is often referred to as Miss J. If you haven’t picked up already he is Gay. His feminism appearances reflect his sexuality and his strong sense of knowing who is and being proud of it. Through Marieka Hardy and J Alexander they show how the help of austere garments choices ultimately reflects the way you feel on the inside and making It easier to exert your individuality and be who you want to be. This prompt can also work in reverse for those who feel that their appearance does not match their personality or the way the want to be seen. Through Sunil Badami’s story â€Å"Sticks and Stones and Such Like† he highlights the schism, which he feels between his â€Å"Indian appearances with [his] Australian feeling†. He attempts to remove his brown skin by â€Å"scrubbing† his â€Å"right arm† with a â€Å"floor brush† to be what he perceives as normal. The desire of Sunil wanting to fit in, placed confusion on himself. The appearance he created for himself made him feel that he wasn’t different even though he still didn’t seem to fit in. The nurse highlights to Sunil that â€Å"we are all pink on the inside† to portray how the appearance of someone can be stereotyped and that your true sense of identity comes from within. However it can be hard to let your inner sense of identity to stand out when they way you look gives you an overriding notion of being different. Wandering down Swanston Street, with the camera in my hand, it all comes clear to be that the way you look can have a negative impact on people. The maddening rush that is in peak our Melbourne, one man seems to be overlooked. He sits beneath of those coming from the bargain sales or going home from a long day at work, with out an derision, but rather of deep desolation. The shoes on his feet are torn, his hair is unwashed and tangled, and this mans appearance defines every aspect of who he is, with one word homeless. The society stereotypes him as they walk past, seeming him as dangerous and a drug attic that is easily aggravated. The appearance you create for yourself is merely superficial and a minute aspects of ones identity.

Persian Gulf Essay Example For Students

Persian Gulf Essay Persian Gulf War-the Feat of the Western CountriesOn August 2nd, 1990 Iraqi military forces invaded and occupied the small Arab state of Kuwait. The order was given by Iraqi dictatorial president Saddam Hussein. His aim was apparently to take control Kuwaits oil reserves (despite its small size Kuwait is a huge oil producer; it has about 10 per cent of the worlds oil reserves ). Iraq accused Kuwait, and also the United Arab Emirates, of breaking agreements that limit oil production in the Middle East. According to Saddam Hussein, this brought down world oil prices severely and caused financial loss of billions of dollars in Iraqs annual revenue. Saddam Hussein had the nearly hopeless task of justifying the invasion. He plead the fact that Kuwait had been part of the Ottoman province of Basra, a city in the south of Iraq. However, the Ottoman province collapsed after World War I and todays Iraqi borders were not created until then. There was also a further and more obvious blunder in a bid to justify this illegal invasion. Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, had namely recognized Kuwaiti independence in 1963. Furthermore, Hussein claimed that Kuwait had illegally pumped oil from the Iraqi oil field of Rumaila and otherwise conspired to reduce Iraqs essential oil income. By invading Kuwait, Iraq succeeded in surprising the entire world. The USA ended her policy of accommodating Saddam Hussein, which had existed since the Iran-Iraq war. Negative attitude toward Iraq was soon a worldwide phenomenon. The United Nations Security Council passed 12 resolutions condemning the invasion. The ultimate decision was to use military force if Iraq did not withdraw unconditionally by January 15, 1991. Then, when the deadline was set, it was time to start preparing for the worst-the war. President George Bush confronted little difficulty in winning Americans support for the potential war against Iraq. However, the government found it difficult to decide upon and state one overriding r eason for going to war. Was it to oppose aggression or was it just to protect global oil supplies? Other powers were more directly concerned as consumers of Persian Gulf oil, but they were not as eager to commit military force, to risk their youth in battle and to pay for the costs of the war. Critics of President Bush continued to maintain that he was taking advantage of the issue of energy supplies in order to manipulate the U. S. public opinion in favor of war. After consulting with U. S. Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney in early August 1990, King Fahd of Saudi Arabia invited American troops onto Saudi soil. He had seen Kuwaits destiny; therefore, he wanted protection. It was also the interest of the USA to stop any further advantage of the Iraqi army. The deployment was called Operation Desert Shield. These troops were armed with light, defensive weaponry. On November 8, 1990 President Bush announced a military buildup to provide an offensive option, Operation Desert Storm, to f orce Iraq out of Kuwait. The preparation of the operation took two and a half months and it involved a massive air- and sea lift. Finally, in January 1991, the U. S. Congress voted to support Security Council resolution 660. It authorized using all necessary means if Iraq did not withdraw from Kuwait by January 15. Shrugging off this final warning, Saddam Hussein resolutely maintained the occupation of Kuwait. The United States established a broad-based international coalition to confront Iraq militarily and diplomatically. The military coalition consisted of Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Honduras, Italy, Kuwait, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Korea, Spain, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The war also was financed by countries which were unable to send in troops. Saudi Arabia and Kuwait were the main donors. More than $53 billion was pledged and received. Before the war, it appeared obvious that Iraq would have very little chance against the Coalition. The relative strength between the parties was extremely unequal. The most critical difference was that the Coalition had a total of 2600 aircraft, over three times more than Iraqs 800 aircraft. Most Arab observers thought Hussein would not last more than six months. Lieutenant General Khalid bin Sultan, the commander of the Arab coalition forces, gave Iraqs leader only 40 days, and repeated this prediction many times. Iraqs prospect was dreary. .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7 , .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7 .postImageUrl , .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7 , .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7:hover , .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7:visited , .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7:active { border:0!important; } .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7:active , .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7 .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u06e67578c3b257baed48f3d96212f7b7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pygmalion Act Iiii Essay President George Bush waited two days after the UN deadline for Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait before ordering the Coalition to begin action against Iraq. The winds of Desert Storm began howling across Iraq on January 17, 1991, at 2.30 am Baghdad time. Bhagdad was bombed fiercely by the coalitions fighter airplanes in the first night of the war. An interesting fact is that several weeks before this, US intelligence agents successfully inserted a computer virus into Iraqs military computers. It was designed to disable much of Baghdads air-defense system. To minimize casualties, the coalition forces, under the command of U. S. General Norman Schwarzkopf, pursued a strategy beginning with five weeks of intensive air attacks and ending with a ground assault. Drawing on its 1,800 planes, land- and carrier-based, the United States flew the greatest number of sorties. The British, French, and Saudis made up most of the rest. Besides the tremendous air power, the coalition deployed technologically advanced weapon systems, such as the unmanned Tomahawk cruise missile, advanced infrared targeting that illuminated Iraqi tanks buried in the, sand and laser-guided bombs, smart bombs. Its use of brand new aircraft that never before had been engaged in combat, such as British Tornados and U. S. F-117A Stealth fighters, gave the Coalition an accuracy and firepower that overwhelmed the Iraqi forces. The large-scale usage of air force and latest technology made the war short and saved great numbers of Coalition soldiers lives. After establishing air superiority, coalition forces disabled Iraqs command and control centers, especially in Baghdad and Al Bashrah. This caused the communication to fail between Baghdad and the troops in the field. The next stage was to attack relentlessly Iraqs infantry, which was dug in along the Saudi-Kuwaiti border, and the elite 125,000 man Republican Guard in southeastern Iraq and northern Kuwait. Iraq retaliated by using mobile launchers to fire Scud missiles at Saudi Arabia and Israel, a noncombatant coalition. Overall, Husseins forces launched 93 Scuds. The United States countered this threat with Patriot antimissile missiles, called also Scudbusters, and commando attacks on Scud launchers. Patriot missiles gave an engagement rate of nearly 96 per cent. The coalitions air raids on Iraqs infantry lowered Iraqi soldiers morale dramatically. It is easy to sense in the following quote from an Iraqi lieutenants war diary the powerlessness and fear that the soldiers felt during air attacks by the Co alition:2 February 1991 I was awakened this morning by the noise of an enemy air raid. I ran and hid in the nearby trench. I had breakfast and afterwards something indescribable happened. Two enemy planes came toward us and began firing at us, in turn, with missiles, machine guns, and rockets. I was almost killed. Death was a yard away from me. The missiles, machine guns and rockets didnt let up. One of the rockets hit and pierced our shelter, which was penetrated by shrapnel. Over and over we said, Allah, Allah, Allah. One tank burned and three other tanks belonging to 3rd Company, which we were with, were destroyed. That was a very bad experience. Time passed and we waited to die. The munitions dump of the 68th Tank Battalion exploded. A cannon shell fell on one of the soldiers positions, but, thank God, no one was there. The soldiers were somewhere else. The attack lasted about 15 minutes, but it seemed like a year to me. I read chapters in the Quran. How hard it is to be killed by someone you dont know, youve never seen and, cant confront. He is in the sky and youre on the ground. Our ground resistance is magnificent. After the air raid, I gave great thanks to God and joined some soldiers to ask how each of them was. While I was doing that, another air attack began. 2 February at 2000 hours. The ground war began at 8:00 p.m. on February 23 and lasted exactly 100 hours. This phase featured a massively successful outflanking movement of the Iraqi forces. Schwarzkopf used a deceptive maneuver by deploying a large number of forces as if to launch a large amphibious landing. The Iraqis apparently anticipated that they also would be attacked frontally and had heavily fortified those defensive positions. Schwarzkopf instead moved the bulk of his forces west and north in a major use of helicopters, attacking the Iraqis from their rear. The five weeks of intensive air attack had greatly demoralized the Iraqi front-line troops, causing wholesale desertions. Remainin g front-line forces were quickly killed or taken prisoner with minimal coalition losses. Iraqi front-line commanders had already lost much of their ability to communicate with Baghdad, which made their situation even worse. On the final night of the war, within hours of the cease-fire, two U.S. Air force bombers dropped specially design ed 5,000-pound bombs on a command bunker fifteen miles northwest of Baghdad in a deliberate attempt to kill Saddam Hussein. President Bushs decision to terminate the ground war at midnight February 28, 1991 was criticized, because it allowed Baghdad to rescue a large amount of military equipment and personnel that were later used to suppress the postwar rebellions of its Shiite and Kurdish citizens. In his own defense, the president asserted that the war had accomplished its mandate. The mission, given by the Security Council, was to expel the Iraqi forces from Kuwait and reestablish Kuwaiti independence. Bushs decision was probably influenced by his desire to maintain coalition unity. A particular reason was to keep on board the Arab members, who were increasingly unhappy at the devastation inflicted on Iraqs infrastructure and civilian population. Iraqi representatives accepted allied terms for a provisional truce on March 3 and a permanent cease-fire on April 6. Iraq agreed to pay reparations to Kuwait, reveal the location and extent of its stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons, and eliminate its weapons of mass destruction. Subsequently, however, UN inspectors complained that the Baghdad government was frustrating their attempts to monitor Iraqi compliance, and UN sanctions against Iraq were kept in place. The following chart shows total equipment and casualties of the Gulf War. In addition, 300,000 Iraqi soldiers were wounded, 150,000 were deserted, and 60,000 were taken prisoner (an estimate of U. S. Defense Intelligence Agency). The United States suffered 148 killed in action, 458 wounded, and 11 female combat de aths. 121 were killed in nonhostile actions; they were mostly victims of friendly fire.

Hamlet By Shakespeare Essays - Characters In Hamlet,

Hamlet by Shakespeare Hamlet's Sanity Hamlet appears to be insane, after Polonius's death, in act IV scene II. There are indications, though, that persuade me to think other wise. Certainly, Hamlet has plenty of reasons to be insane at this point. His day has been hectic--he finally determined Claudius had killed his father, the chance to kill Claudius confronted him, he comes very close to convincing Gertrude that Claudius killed his father, he accidentally kills Polonius, and finally the ghost of his father visits him. These situations are enough to bring Hamlet to insanity, but he remains sharp and credible. Hamlet is able to make smart remarks to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, comparing then to sponges, "When he (Claudius) needs what you have gleaned, it is but squeezing you and, sponge, you shall be dry again," (pg 98, 20). This is random and unexpected, as many of his actions, but the comparison makes sense; Rosencrantz and Guildenstern soak up all the kings favors, only to become dry again after they mop up the King's mess (spying on Hamlet, and getting Polonius's body). Later, with Claudius, Hamlet tells how lowly a king can be by saying, "A man (beggar) may fish with the worm that hath eat of a king, and eat of the fish that hath fed of that worm," (pg 99, 29). This also makes sense, and is not quite as random; when Hamlet confronts Claudius, and the king asks where Polonius is, Hamlet immediatly begins the comparison by telling Claudius that Polonuis is at supper (the worms are eating him for supper, and so on). This proves that Hamlet had some kind of planning for this! degrading comment, and that his thoughts are not scattered and he is able to stay focused. There is a question of what being insane really is. Since it is agreeable that Ophelia was crazy, it's possible to use her as a guide to make this argument valid. Hamlet and Ophelia both shared the trait of having calculated thoughts, Ophelia's singing and Hamlet's verbal attacks. They also shared calmness before their deaths. But was Hamlet spraying rude remarks to everyone before he died, as Ophelia had sung floating down the river? No, in-fact Hamlet was the opposite of what he was before. If he were crazy, like Ophelia, he would have remained hectic and random up until the time of (and after) the duel. Hamlet, though, was not--he even reasoned what death for him was, finishing his question of whether life was worth living for. Hamlet can truley be seen to be sane, and not. The facts that Hamlet was smart and swift thinking, and in such a reversal of emotions (from after Polonius died) in the end, leads strongly to the opinion that Hamlet was not insane.

Lessons of a Mother essays

Lessons of a Mother essays A mother is something that gives rise to or exercises protective care over something else. (Webster's Universal College Dictionary; 1997) A mother is not only the borer of a child but she is someone who takes care of someone else. In the story "The Night Santa Claus Came" by Benjamin Capps, Mama plays the perfect role of a mother. The role that she fulfills is love. Mama is described by her seven year old son as being ancient, thirty-something. Mama is a school teacher who teaches seventeen students of all different ages in the old schoolhouse in Anarene, Texas. Mama was the school sweeper as well and her son describes her as being rich with her one hundred dollars a month. Mama had a way with words with her students. "She could look at a big boy and say, 'I thought you were older and more responsible than that,' and he would start blushing and stammering", explained her son. Mama decided to teach her sons a lesson so she gave them each fifty cents around Christmas time and took them to the nickel and dime store so they could buy each other a Christmas present. She reminded them, "It's better to give than to receive." Roy, the youngest of her three children, immediately spent his fifty cents on himself. On Christmas morning, Roy was very upset that he did not have anything to give his mother for Christmas. Mama decided to give him a nickel so he could buy her something. On Christmas night, Roy wanted to hang up his stockings so Santa Claus would come fill them with candy. His brothers, knowing that there was no Santa Claus and not wanting to cause any trouble for their mother, told Roy that this was a bad idea. The next morning the two boys woke up to a shrilling Roy who had found his treasures in his stockings. Angry, his two brothers climbed out of bed. These two boys were confused and jealous because their mother had not surprised them by acting like Santa Claus. Eventually Mama instructed ...

Research proposal needed - on alumni from the University of Kentucky Paper

Proposal needed - on alumni from the University of Kentucky Prestonsburg, KY and Hazard, KY Masters of Social Work Programs - Research Paper Example This research will be based on approximately a hundred and forty graduates of the social work masters program from both campuses. Information of respondent candidates who will be reached will represent the different outcomes between the two campuses with regards to their participation and progress in the community. The research seeks to gather information from both female and male graduates to equally represent all graduates of the two campuses. The results may be consistent with the hypothesis of the author. We suspect that graduates from the Prestonsburg Kentucky campus are more active in their community volunteer projects than graduates from the Kentucky Hazard campus are. More graduates of the University of Prestonsburg Kentucky campus social work masters program are probably licensed clinical social workers and may be more involved in the National Association of Social Work as than graduates of the Social work masters program from the Kentucky Hazard campus. The research seeks to come up with tangible evidence concerning field applications of the program. The results points out why MSW graduates of the Kentucky MSW Hazard campus should be encouraged to engage themselves in more meaningful community volunteer activities and the National Association of social work. The research also highlights the reasons why the program should incorporate measures of encouraging and motivating its students to be more involved with activities of social work after successful completion of the program. According to Kentucky annual report (2009, p25), alumni of the social work programs engage in humanitarian activities such as caring for the elderly, school social work, and mental health counseling. However, the hazard program is proved to have limitations in graduate field applications with regards to community volunteer programs. Moreover, some MSW graduates are found to

Governance and Effecting Change in Schools Essay

Governance and Effecting Change in Schools - Essay Example But one must know that laws only can regulate the rights as well as responsibilities of teachers. I disagree with this court decision as the constitution and supreme law of this country is not in favor of forced actions. Teachers ordered their learners to rise and deliver the verses respectfully in unanimity. Moreover, broadcasting class learners in the Abington School District were bound to read the verses over a public-address system. Otherwise, teachers could be fired if they would refuse to participate and pupils occasionally were separated out from others if they did not stick together with others students in the daily reading (Phelps and Lehman, 2005). But Laws regulating schools along with teachers at 3 interrelated levels of federal, state, and local are the part of a larger and complex legal system. Teachers are responsible to understand content they’re anticipated to teach to students. The third case, which was decided in 1943 was West Virginia State board of Education vs. Barnette et. al. It was a case of forced saluting ceremony and the decision in favor of very strict punishment in case any student or teacher decides against that. The appellees were citizens of West Virginia and the United States, and they rightfully disagreed to salute the flag as a compulsion. They were adamant that the flog is an image. This image however sacred cannot be placed above religion or will of the people. On the other hand the education department believed that there are limits to everyone’s authority and symbolism remains a primitive and effective way of communicating ideas (West Virginia state board of Education vs. Barnette, 1943). I agree to the Education department in general that such symbolism teaches and communicates the national values. However, the strict punishments related to it make it a forceful act which might make it fail in serving its purpose. To me it app ears ethically wrong to force anyone to

Learning and teaching assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Learning and teaching assessment - Essay Example It is obvious that for such a sensitive procedure, my students have the basics of clinical studies covered. The most common way of classifying students is to use the visual, auditory and kinesthetic way, otherwise known as the VAK model (Utley, 2010). This model establishes a learner’s preferred mode for learning and processing new information. The VAK model was introduced in the 1920s by the likes of Keller, Orthon, Fernald, Stillman, Gillingham and Montessori (Dreeben-Irimia, 2010). In addition to the VAK model Gaberson and Oermann (2010) add more tools to expand the teaching strategies by including olfactory and emotionally experimental methods that help children who don’t benefit a great deal from didactic methods, learn. Although there are three main categories for students (refer to the VAK model) however, within the visual class Ryan at al. (2011) further divide the class into two subclasses; the ‘verbal visual’ and the ‘spatial visual’. The verbal visual students are those that best learn when the information is ‘written down’. The spatial visual students prefer solely the marvel of the visual; graphs, charts, diagrams etc. Such learners are generally good with faces and have good sense of direction (Hill & Howlett, 2012). Auditory students perform really well in brainstorming sessions. It is almost a ideal way to absorb, process and take part in the creative process (Spencer & Vavra, 2009). These learners can be taught better when the same idea is rephrased in several different ways (Lauwers & Swisher, 2010). The whole idea behind using the VAK model is not to isolate students based on their preferred teaching styles. It is a mere recognition that some students prefer one method over another while learning. In real practice, the VAK model is more popular with the more vulnerable exceptional learners (Zhang et al., 2012). The teacher can affirm if a student prefers

Foreign Tourist Behavior And Perceptions Of Indian Tourism

Foreign Tourist Behavior And Perceptions Of Indian Tourism Tourism industry is one of the major industries of the world. Various sub-sectors of this industry have been developing special relationships among themselves to eliminate competition and cost. Tourism is an important part of economic life and is closely associated with services like travel, food and accommodation. A significant part of human activity is connected with tourism. We can consider the structure of tourism industry in a form in which certain countries offer better destination, quality, and improved programmes with innovations laced with ideas of establishing product differentiation. The aim of this paper is to provide a practical approach towards the satisfaction pattern of foreign tourist behavior towards Indian tourism. This paper also depicts a clear study of behavioral understanding of foreign tourist which is presented through a qualitative research framework. Findings highlight the satisfaction level of foreign tourists with respect to Indian tourism. Gap is evaluated between satisfaction and dissatisfaction, and strategies to enhance Indian tourism are suggested for future to create a differentiation. KEY WORDS: Tourism, customers satisfaction, differentiation. INTRODUCTION: Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. Tourism is an industry that operates on a massively broad scale: it embraces activities ranging from the smallest sea-side hotel; to air-lines, multi-national hotel chains and major international tour operators. Originally, non-traditional industries such as tourism emerged as a solution to strike a balance between ecology and industry. The tourism industry is now one of the largest sectors earning foreign exchange for the exchequer. In the face of such benefits, many countries have started assigning due weight age to the tourism industry in their national development agenda. The Holistic view of Tourism Industry in India: India has been ranked the best country brand for value-for-money in the Country Brand Index (CBI) survey conducted by Future Brand, a leading global brand consultancy. India also claimed the second place in CBIs best country brand for history, as well as appears among the top 5 in the best country brand for authenticity and art culture, and the fourth best new country for business. India made it to the list of rising stars or the countries that are likely to become major tourist destinations in the next five years, led by the United Arab Emirates, China, and Vietnam. India attracted about 4 million foreign tourists in 2006 that spent US$8.9 billion. The tourism industry in India generated about US$100 billion in 2008 and that is expected to increase to US$275.5 billion by 2018 at a 9.4% annual growth rate. The Ministry of Tourism is the nodal agency for the development and promotion of Tourism in India. It maintains the Incredible India campaign. However, Indias tourism sector currently lags behind less endowed countries and faces serious challenges including shortage of hotel rooms and security of foreign tourists. In 2007, there were only 25,000 tourist-class hotel rooms in the whole of India. Among other factors hindering the growth of the tourism industry in India are stringent visa requirements and congested airports. Despite short- and medium-term setbacks, tourism revenues are expected to surge by 42% from 2007 to 2017. Despite some upheavals, the upward trend in tourism is noticed almost everywhere. Terrorism, threats of wars and economic problems have not been able to harm the industry except for short periods. The overall global picture of tourism arrivals and revenues has been quite good everywhere. The basic spark for tourism comes from the quest for knowledge of different cultures and some illusive or real charms of distant destinations. Adventurous spirit acts as a magnetic pull for many people. Time and resources permitting, they want to leave their places of residence intermittently. This gene of curiosity and favorable factors like politico-economic developments and technological change leading to increase in speed and comfort of travel has brought about a revolution in the tourist activity. After the stalemate of World War II, many countries worked hard to improve their infrastructure facilities for the tourists. The laissez faire tourism policy of leaving the job to bureaucrats or clerks was given up in favor of scientific management with high productivity and efficiency. In several countries, a proper management of the tourism sector was undertaken and an intensive study of different aspects of innovation tourism was carried out. Some tourism inducing factors like favorable government policies, higher incomes, more holidays and leave opportunities have been conducive to the growth of tourism. People want to move out because of the increasing stress at work and tension and also because of the desire to get away from a polluted atmosphere. Social and seasonal pressures too, generate a short term feeling of the need for abandonment, peaceful relaxation or recuperation. It could be also escapism or an adventurous idea. Each situation gives rise to different types of tourists. Marketing of tourism and tourist / consumer behavior: Tourism is a service sector which earns a substantial foreign exchange to developing countries. In India, Kerala is one of the important destinations for the international tourists with its unique nature beauty with backwaters, mountains and beaches. To make the tourism a great success one has to take advantage of the modern technology to full extent. Present paper is an attempt to market tourism by adapting the service marketing approach for achieving great success. Being a service product it has to adopt Service marketing principles. This process is explained through the service triangle. (SERVICE MARKET TRIANGLE) a) Company: The company in the Tourism Sector can be the Central Government, the State tourism Corporations, Tour Operators such as SOTC, ITDC, etc. The company carries out External Marketing as well as Internal Marketing External Marketing: It makes promises to the customers, for e.g. the Malaysian governments advertisement Malaysia, Truly Asia that promises a veritable cultural paradise to the customer. Internal Marketing: The Company enables the Providers to fulfill the promises made by it to the customers. For example, the Malaysian Government maintains the local transportation within the country, maintains the tourist spots such as KL Towers, etc. b) Providers: The Providers include all the entities that finally fulfill the Companys promise to the Customers. They undertake Interactive Marketing, because they are in touch with the final customer. Thus in the case of the Malaysian government, this would include the transportation providers (Malaysian Airlines, Air India, local bus transportation, local trains in Kuala Lumpur, car and two-wheeler rentals), the different hotels within Malaysia (Tanjam Putri), souvenir outlets at tourist areas, tourist spots (Genting highland, KL Towers, Twin Towers, etc.), restaurants (KFC Joints, Mary Brown, Pizza Hut), etc. c) Customers: These are the end users of the final service delivered by the providers. The satisfaction and dissatisfaction will depend upon the efficiency of the delivery in the service process as well as the promises kept by the service providers. EX. If jet Airways promises to reach a particular destination on a given time, the satisfaction of travelers will depend upon the timely arrival of that flight. Applications of the Gaps Model: Perceived service quality can be defined as, according to the Gaps model, the difference between consumers expectation and perceptions which eventually depends on the size and the direction of the four gaps concerning the delivery of service quality on the companys side (Parasuraman, Zeithaml, Berry, 1985). Customer Gap = f (Gap 1, Gap 2, Gap 3, Gap 4) The magnitude and the direction of each gap will affect the service quality. For instance, Gap 3 will be favourable if the delivery of a service exceeds the standards of service required by the organization, and it will be unfavourable when the specifications of the service delivered are not met. First of all the model clearly determines the two different types of gaps in service marketing, namely the customer gap and the provider gaps. The latter is considered as internal gaps within a service firm. This model really views the services as a structured, integrated model which connects external customers to internal services between the different functions in a service organization. Important applications of the model are as follows: The 10 determinants of service quality (Parasuraman, Zeithaml, Berry, 1985) 1. The gaps model of service quality gives insights and propositions regarding customers perceptions of service quality. 2. Customers always use 10 dimensions to form the expectation and perceptions of service quality. 3. The model helps predict, generate and identify key factors that cause the gap to be unfavourable to the service firm in meeting customer expectations. Thus, Perception, expectation and delivery are three basic features on which the success of Tourism depends. Knowledge sharing, change and innovation in human societies, as well as economic renaissance have much to do with tourism, which is accompanied by a cross of experiences, social movements, nascent explorations, interaction and coordination of a variety of social system. A tourist is basically interested in a well satisfying experience at a tourist destination. His decision starts with a conglomeration of perception and expectation in the context of the place to be visited. An understanding of a tourist journey can be highly revealing if we can carry out an analysis of three basic factors associated with a tourist. These are his perception, expectation and delivery of the tour. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: The proposed paper has the following intended objectives: To identify how foreign tourists influences the Indian tourism. To envisage the attitude of foreign tourist about Indian tourism. To suggest strategies to bridge the gap between expectation of tourist and delivery process. HYPOTHESIS: Following hypothesis were set for this study: 1. H1: Safety and security is an important factor in foreign tourism 2. H2: Foreign tourists experience overall satisfaction from their visit to India 3. H3: Indias rich diversity in culture plays a major role for attracting foreign tourist RESEARCH DESIGN USED: In this case, a descriptive research and causal research design study is used to study the relationships in question. Descriptive research facilitates the study to obtain accurate and complete information regarding a concept or a situation or a practice. The objective of a descriptive research revolved around who, what, when and how of a topic. Causal research facilitates the study to know whether one variable is having an effect on another variable. DATA COLLECTION: Here, both primary and secondary data is considered. Secondary data is collected from the international and national journals like Journal of Research in tourism, reputed working papers and other reputed journals. Primary data is gathered using Questionnaire as a tool for data collection. Sampling Technique: Stratified Random Sampling is done for selection of respondents. Sampling Population- place selected: The respondents were foreign tourists in Mumbai. Sample Size: Total 100 foreign tourist respondents were surveyed in Mumbai. DATA ANALYSIS: Data collected through Questionnaire was tabulated using Excel Personal Details: 1. Gender: Out of total 100 foreign tourist respondents, 53% respondents were females and 47% were males. 2. Marital Status: Out of total 100 foreign tourist respondents, 57% respondents were married and 43% were single. 3. Country of domicile: Out of total 100 foreign tourist respondents, 46% were American, 27% belong to Europe, 17% were from Asia, and 10% were from other country of origin. 4. Purpose of Visit: Out of total 100 foreign tourist respondents, 50% of respondents visited India for conferences, 37% for holiday/ sight seeing, 7% came to visit friends and relatives, 3% came for studies and 2% came for business purposes. 5. Age: From the above, it is seen that 40% respondents belong to 41-50 years age group, 33% belong to 31- 40 years age group, 27% belong to 20-30 years age group, none of the respondents were under 20 years and above 51 years. DETAILED ANALYSIS: The detailed analysis of the data is given below. 1. Levels of expectation on the following aspects before tour visit to India: 1.1 Information on India as a tourist destination: The data presented reveals that nearly 57% of foreign tourist respondents had High expectation from Indian tourism and 17% of foreign tourist respondents said that they had very low expectation from Indian tourism. 1.2 Accessibility to India from other parts of the globe (ease of getting visa, availability of flights and trains): The data presented reveals that nearly 77% (13% very high and 64% high) of foreign tourist respondents had high expectation with respect to accessibility parameter and 3% of foreign tourist respondents said that they had very low expectation for the same. 1.3 Quality of infrastructure, amenities of hotel/ lodge/ guest house/ hostel available: The data presented reveals that 37% of respondents had very high expectation with respect to Quality of infrastructure, amenities of hotel/lodge/guest house/ hostel facility in India 43% of foreign tourist respondents had high expectation and 3% of foreign tourist respondents said that they had low expectation for the same, 17% of respondents said that they had moderate expectation i.e. neither to high nor to low. 1.4 Quality and variety of food: The data presented reveals that 27% of respondents had very high expectation with respect to Quality and variety of food in India, 46% of foreign tourist respondents had high expectation and 7% of foreign tourist respondents said that they had low expectation for the same, 20% of foreign tourist respondents said that they had moderate expectation i.e. neither to high nor to low. 1.5 Level of hygienic condition: The data presented reveals that 20% of foreign tourist respondents had very high expectation with respect to Level of hygienic condition, 40% of foreign tourist respondents had high expectation and 14% of foreign tourist respondents said that they had low expectation for the same, 3% of foreign tourist respondents said that they had very low expectation and 23% of foreign tourist respondents said that they had moderate expectation i.e. neither to high nor to low. 1.6 Postal and Banking facilities with money changing facilities: The data presented reveals that 30% of respondents had very high expectation with respect to Postal and Banking facilities with money changing facilities available in India, 36% of foreign tourist respondents had high expectation and 7% of respondents said that they had low expectation for the same and 27% of foreign tourist respondents said that they had moderate expectation i.e. neither to high nor to low. 1.7 Travel agents and guide services: The data presented reveals that 30% of respondents had very high expectation with respect to Travel agents and guide services available, 36% of foreign tourist respondents had high expectation and 7% of foreign tourist respondents said that they had low expectation for the same and 27% of foreign tourist respondents said that they had moderate expectation i.e. neither to high nor to low. 1.8 Safety and Security of Tourist: The data presented reveals that 30% of foreign tourist respondents had very high expectation with respect to Safety and Security of Tourist in India, 40% of foreign tourist respondents had high expectation and 3% of foreign tourist respondents said that they had low expectation for the same and 27% of foreign tourist respondents said that they had moderate expectation i.e. neither to high nor to low. 1.9 Attitude of local people towards tourist: The data presented reveals that 27% of respondents had very high expectation with respect to Attitude of local people towards tourist in India, 43% of respondents had high expectation and 10% of respondents said that they had low expectation for the same, 3% of respondents said that they had very low expectation and 17% of respondents said that they had moderate expectation i.e. neither to high nor to low. 1.10 Tourist information centers at prominent locations: The data presented reveals that 23% of respondents had very high expectation with respect to Tourist information centers at prominent locations in India, 35% of respondents had high expectation and 13% of respondents said that they had low expectation for the same and 29% of respondents said that they had moderate expectation i.e. neither to high nor to low. 1.11 Responsiveness to customer complaints: The data presented reveals that 20% of foreign tourist respondents had very high expectation with respect to Responsiveness to customer complaints, 40% of foreign tourist respondents had high expectation, 10% of foreign tourist respondents said that they had low expectation for the same and 23% of foreign tourist respondents said that they had moderate expectation i.e. neither to high nor to low. 2. Levels of satisfaction on the following aspects after tour visit to India: 2.1 Information on India as a tourist destination: The data presented reveals that nearly 43% of respondents were satisfied from Indian tourism after their visit and 13% of respondents said that they were dissatisfied from Indian tourism, 44% of respondents said that they were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied from Indian tourism. None of the respondents were delighted from the same. 2.2 Accessibility to India from other parts of the globe (ease of getting visa, availability of flights and trains): The data presented reveals that 53% of respondents were satisfied with respect to accessibility parameter to India and only 3% of respondents said that they were delighted for the same. 37% respondents said that they were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with respect to accessibility parameter to India and only 7% said that they were dissatisfied from the same. 2.3 Quality of infrastructure, amenities of hotel/ lodge/ guest house/ hostel available: The data presented reveals that 57% of foreign tourist respondents were satisfied with respect to Quality of infrastructure, amenities of hotel/ lodge/ guest house/ hostel facility in India, 13% of foreign tourist respondents said they were delighted with the above said parameters, 27% of foreign tourist respondents said that they were neither to satisfied nor to dissatisfied. 2.4 Quality and variety of food: The data presented reveals that 67% of respondents were satisfied with respect to Quality and variety of food in India, 23% of respondents said that they were delighted, 3% of respondents said that were dissatisfied for the same, 7% of respondents said that they were neither to satisfied nor to dissatisfied with the quality and variety of food in India. 2.5 Level of Hygienic conditions: The data presented reveals that 47% of respondents were satisfied with respect to level of hygienic conditions in India, 13% of respondents said that they were delighted, 10% of respondents said that were dissatisfied for the same, 30% of respondents said that they were neither to satisfied nor to dissatisfied with the quality and variety of food in India. 2.6 Postal and Banking facilities with money changing facilities: The data presented reveals that 47% of foreign tourist respondents were satisfied with respect to the Postal and Banking facilities with money changing facilities in India, 20% of foreign tourist respondents said that they were delighted, none of foreign tourist respondents said that were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied for the same, 33% of foreign tourist respondents said that they were neither to satisfied nor to dissatisfied with the Postal and Banking facilities with money changing facilities in India. 2.7 Travel arrangements (Travel agents and guide services): The data presented reveals that 43% of foreign tourist respondents were satisfied with respect to Travel arrangements (Travel agents and guide services) in India, 10% of foreign tourist respondents said that they were delighted, 7% of foreign tourist respondents said that were dissatisfied for the same, 40% of foreign tourist respondents said that they were neither to satisfied nor to dissatisfied. 2.8 Safety and Security of tourist: The data presented reveals that 43% of foreign tourist respondents were satisfied with respect to safety and security measures of tourist in India, 7% of foreign tourist respondents said that they were delighted, 7% of foreign tourist respondents said that were dissatisfied for the same, 40% of foreign tourist respondents said that they were neither to satisfied nor to dissatisfied. 2.9 Attitude of local people towards tourist: The data presented reveals that 50% of foreign tourist respondents were satisfied with respect to Attitude of local people towards tourist in India, 10% of foreign tourist respondents said that they were delighted, 17% of foreign tourist respondents said that were dissatisfied for the same, 23% of foreign tourist respondents said that they were neither to satisfied nor to dissatisfied. 2.10 Tourist information centers at prominent locations: The data presented reveals that 37% of respondents were satisfied with respect to Tourist information centers at prominent locations in India, 13% of respondents said that they were delighted, 17% of respondents said that were dissatisfied for the same, 3% said that they were very dissatisfied, 30% of respondents said that they were neither to satisfied nor to dissatisfied. 2.11 Responsiveness to customer complaints: The data presented reveals that 47% of respondents were satisfied with respect to responsiveness to customer complaints in India, only 3% of respondents said that they were delighted, 30% of respondents said that were dissatisfied for the same, 3% said that they were very dissatisfied, 17% of respondents said that they were neither to satisfied nor to dissatisfied. 3. Miscellaneous: 3.1 Respondents visit to India before: Out of total 100 respondents, 63% respondents said that they have visited India before, 37% respondents said that they have not visited India before. 3.2 Rating the overall satisfaction with respect to the respondents experience about touring in India: The data presented reveals that 47% respondents said that they had overall satisfaction with respect to the experience about touring in India, 13% respondents were extremely satisfied, 33% respondents said that they were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with respect to the experience about touring in India, 7% respondents said that they were dissatisfied for the same. 3.3. Based on the experience, recommendation given to friends, relatives to visit India: The data presented reveals that 13% respondents said that they will always recommend to their friends and relatives to visit India due to their own experience, 53% respondents said that they will almost always refer the same, 20% respondents said that they will sometime refer, 7% respondents said that they were rarely refer and 7% respondents said that they will never refer to their friends and relatives to visit India. 3.4. Rating the extent of importance by the respondents to each of the activities when they are on tour in India: a) Getting away from stress: The data presented reveals that 13% respondents said that getting away from stress is very important factor for them to come on tour in India, 17% respondents said that it is an important factor, 46% respondents said that getting away from stress is not at all an important factor for them to come on tour in India, 17% respondents said that it is not important factor and 7% respondents said that it is not important nor unimportant factor for them. b) Health reasons: The data presented reveals that 13% respondents said that health reason is very important factor for them when they to come on tour in India, 27% respondents said that it is an important factor, 7% respondents said that it is not at all an important factor for them to come on tour in India, 10% respondents said that it is not important factor and 43% respondents said that it is not important nor unimportant factor for them. c) Learning about India and its culture: The data presented reveals that 27% respondents said that learning about India and its culture is very important factor for them when they to come on tour in India, 23% respondents said that it is an important factor, 3% respondents said that it is not at all an important factor for them to come on tour in India, 10% respondents said that it is not important factor and 37% respondents said that it is not important nor unimportant factor for them. Testing of Hypotheses: 1. H1: Safety and Security is an important factor in foreign tourism Rating the expectation level about Safety and Security factor of Tourist: The data presented reveals that 30% of respondents had very high expectation with respect to Safety and Security of Tourist in India, 40% of respondents had high expectation and 3% of respondents said that they had low expectation for the same and 27% of respondents said that they had moderate expectation i.e. neither to high nor to low. Rating the satisfaction level about Safety and Security factor of Tourist: The data presented reveals that 43% of respondents were satisfied with respect to safety and security measures of tourist in India, 7% of respondents said that they were delighted, 7% of respondents said that were dissatisfied for the same, 40% of respondents said that they were neither to satisfied nor to dissatisfied. The above data revels that majority of foreign tourists have high expectations about security and safety parameter and at the same time most of them are satisfied and delighted from the same. This states that foreign tourist care about their security and safety. Thus, H1: safety and security is an important factor in foreign tourism holds true. 2. H2: Foreign tourists experience overall satisfaction from their visit to India Rating the overall satisfaction with respect to the respondents experience about touring in India: The data presented reveals that 47% respondents said that they had overall satisfaction with respect to the experience about touring in India, 13% respondents were extremely satisfied, 33% respondents said that they were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with respect to the experience about touring in India, 7% respondents said that they were dissatisfied for the same. Thus, from the above it is seen that most of the foreign tourists are satisfied with their overall experience about touring in India. H2: Foreign tourists experience overall satisfaction from their visit to India holds true. 3. H3: Indias rich diversity in culture plays a major role for attracting foreign tourist Rate the extent of importance: Learning about India and its culture The data presented reveals that 27% respondents said that learning about India and its culture is very important factor for them when they to come on tour in India, 23% respondents said that it is an important factor, 3% respondents said that it is not at all an important factor for them to come on tour in India, 10% respondents said that it is not important factor and 37% respondents said that it is not important nor unimportant factor for them. Thus, the above data shows that majority of foreign tourist visit India for its rich diversity in culture and heritage. H3: Indias rich diversity in culture plays a major role for attracting foreign tourist, holds true. CONCLUSION: All types of tourism in India have registered phenomenal growth in the last decade ever since the Indian government decided to boost revenues from the tourism sector by projecting India as the ultimate tourist spot. The reason why India has been doing well in all types of tourism in India is that India has always been known for its hospitality, uniqueness, and charm attributes that have been attracting foreign travelers to India in hordes. From the study it is evident that mostly male foreign tourist visit India mostly for attending conferences. India attracts tourism for its richness in diversity and culture of which Medical tourism is also picking up pace in India, attracting foreigners. Overall foreign tourists are satisfied with the tour in India, some gap exits in expectation and perseverance pattern. This gap is bridged in recommendations. RECOMMENDATION: The study revealed the gap that existed between perception and expectation of foreign tourist. This gap is bridged as follows. a) Perception: Perception is the process by which information from the environment is received and interpreted and used in decision making through the interaction of various senses with known aspects of the tourist activity. The accuracy and nature of a persons perception determines the quality of decision and the subsequent action. Perception requires a stimulus which can be something visual or otherwise. The perception about a tourist spot may depend on the nature of the spot under consideration as well as the nature of the tourist who is bounded by his own ideas, possibly based on his values and current attributes. The nature of the spot would be judged by its location, surroundings and characteristics depending on the taste of the tourist who may or may not be bothered about external appearances. A fun loving tourist will have a very different perception of a spot in comparison with an academic minded tourist. Perception is used to make decisions. The actual experience which depends on the delivery pattern influences future decisions. Different individuals have different perception about the same thing. It may so happed some tourist are interested in some aspect of tourist spot which they consider specific or important. The differences of opinion may be based on their education and background. The int

aphasia Essay -- essays research papers fc

Aphasia is a language disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language. For most people, these are parts of the left side (hemisphere) of the brain. Aphasia usually occurs suddenly, often as the result of a stroke or head injury, but it may also develop slowly, as in the case of a brain tumor. The disorder impairs the expression and understanding of language as well as reading and writing. â€Å"Aphasia may co-occur with speech disorders such as dysarthria or apraxia of speech, which also result from brain damage†. (Sarno 23) Anyone can acquire aphasia, but most people who have aphasia are in their middle to late years. Men and women are equally affected. â€Å"It is estimated that approximately 80,000 individuals acquire aphasia each year†.(Eiesenson 37) â€Å"About one million persons in the United States currently have aphasia†.(www.aphasia.org) Aphasia is caused by damage to one or more of the language areas of the brain. Many times, the cause of the brain injury is a stroke. A stroke occurs when, for some reason, blood is unable to reach a part of the brain. Brain cells die when they do not receive their normal supply of blood, which carries oxygen and important nutrients. Other causes of brain injury are severe blows to the head, brain tumors, brain infections, and other conditions of the brain. â€Å"Individuals with Broca's aphasia have damage to the frontal lobe of the brain†. (www.aphasia.org) These individuals frequently speak in short, meaningful phrases that are produced with great effort. Broca's aphasia is thus characterized as a nonfluent aphasia. Affected people often omit small words such as "is," "and," and "the." â€Å"For example, a person with Broca's aphasia may say, "Walk dog" meaning, "I will take the dog for a walk." The same sentence could also mean "You take the dog for a walk," or "The dog walked out of the yard," depending on the circumstances†. (Jakobson 43) Individuals with Broca's aphasia are able to understand the speech of others to varying degrees. Because of this, they are often aware of their difficulties and can become easily frustrated by their speaking problems. â€Å"Individuals with Broca's aphasia often have right-sided weakness or paralysis of the arm a nd leg because the frontal lobe is also important for body movement†. (Jakobs... ... the home. Seek out support groups such as stroke clubs. Aphasia research is exploring new ways to evaluate and treat aphasia as well as to further understanding of the function of the brain. Brain imaging techniques are helping to define brain function, determine the severity of brain damage, and predict the severity of the aphasia. â€Å"These procedures include PET (positron emission tomography), CT (computed tomography), and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) as well as the new functional magnetic resonance (FMRI), which identifies areas of the brain that are used during activities such as speaking or listening†. () â€Å"In-depth testing of the language ability of individuals with the various aphasic syndromes is helping to design effective treatment strategies†.() The use of computers in aphasia treatment is being studied. Promising new drugs administered shortly after some types of stroke are being investigated as ways to reduce the severity of aphasia Works Cited Sarno, Martha T. Acquired Aphasia. California. Academic Press. 1998. Eiesenson, Jon. Aphasia in Children. New York. Jakobson, Roman. Child Language Aphasia and Phonological Universals. Texas. 1972 www.aphasia.org

NAFTA: Gainers and Losers

Economic cooperation has been a trend in neighboring countries to promote a free-trade zone for the benefit of its constituent countries. The largest of such, the North American Free Trade Agreement, was found in 1994 by the three North American countries. The members of NAFTA are the US, Canada and Mexico which includes a total of 416 million people and a GDP totaling to $12 trillion (Pohlmann, 2006). NAFTA aimed to totally remove trade barriers between the members for 15 years, which is scheduled to be in 2009. It also reduces the non-tariff trade barriers like sanitary regulations significantly. Although NAFTA major advantages, many are against it. Most of them are in the non-economic areas, and following are examples: US labor unions, environmentalists and Mexican farmers. They believe that NAFTA has unfavorable effects on them. Not all Mexicans are against it, in fact some of them had high hopes that the implementation of this contract would help boost their economy (Pohlmann, 2006). The NAFTA issue is debated in the Congress, with three major subjects: employment, environment and immigration from Mexico to the US. Tariffs had been an important factor in NAFTA for tariffs are taxes on imports and it usually makes imported products more expensive in order top benefit local products. NAFTA participants agreed to cut down the tariffs by 50% and they also agreed to reduce tariffs to 0 in the succeeding fifteen years. Economists clearly saw the benefits NAFTA could have with all its participants. They based their reasoning with the principle of comparative advantage wherein their country would be more organized in creating their goods. Thus each country would produce the goods wherein they are more efficient in producing and they would trade those goods with the goods of other country (which they are very good in producing in their own). However, there are those who contested the free trade contract believing that it would have certain effect on employment as well as on income. There are those who argue that there would be a great deal of unemployment because of rivalry in Mexico. They argued that since wages are much lower in Mexico as compared to United States, then businessmen would start moving their businesses in Mexico. However, there are those who argue that the reason behind higher wages in US lies on the fact that worker efficiency is greater in US as compared to Mexico. NAFTA proved to have great consequence in terms of employment in US. According to a study conducted by the US International Trade Commission (ITI), the US government could gain moderately from a free trade agreement with Mexico. A historical study also showed that NAFTA could produce about 134, 000 jobs in the US. However, a simple method of study conducted by Baldwin and Kahane showed the effects NAFTA could have in terms of employment. The particular study had been conducted in order to see which division would have employment gains and which would undergo job losses. A tabular data had been used in order to create two variables, that of â€Å"gainers† and that of â€Å"losers†. Among the gainers are electrical and non-electrical machinery alike as well as rubber chemicals. However, on the side of the losers we have textiles, glass, leather products and the like. It is important to distinguish gainers from losers and thus an explanation is provided in the quotation be low. The term GAINERS is associated to the number of employees in areas that were projected to have job gains, while the term LOSERS is related to job losses (Kahane, 1996). Thus, the effect of NAFTA allowed a rise in trade in both Canada and Mexico. There is also no clear evidence that US indeed lose jobs because of Mexico. And all in all it showed that there are industries which gained because of the NAFTA agreement while there are also those industries that had had their share of losses as had been mentioned in this paper. Reference: Kahane, L. (1996). Congressional voting patterns on NAFTA: an empirical analysis – North American Free Trade Agreement [Electronic Version]. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology. Retrieved June 4, 2007 from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0254/is_n4_v55/ai_18910967. Pohlmann, D. (2006). The Economic Impact of NAFTA on Mexico [Electronic Version]. Scholarly Publishing House. Retrieved June 4, 2007 from http://www.grin.com/en/preview/67522.html. Rosson, P., Runge, F., & Moulton, K. S. Preferential Trading Arrangements: Gainers and Losers from Regional Trading Blocs [Electronic Version]. Retrieved June 4, 2007 from http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/agecon/trade/eight.html.      

Bio of Stephen King essays

Bio of Stephen King essays Stephen Edwin King Thesis statement: Stephen king was an ambitious writer, who followed in the footsteps of his father. Stephen Kings life begins on September 21,1947. To, father Donald King and mother Ruth Pillsbury King. Stephen is the second son, their first son is David king. When Stephen was around two ,his father walked out on them leaving their mother with two boys to raise on her own. That didnt stop Stephen from inheriting his dads ability to write. When they moved to Durham, Maine in 1959 Stephen and his older brother David made a discovery that would change their live and the worlds forever. The King brothers found their fathers box full of his paperback books. They were not just any books, their fathers taste ran to science fiction and horror. His son Stephen devoured the books. At the age of nine Stephen king started writing. He started writing for his Aunt Gert, who paid him a quarter for every completed story. When he stopped writing for his aunt, he wrote one-page stories with a childhood friend named Chris Chesley, and stories by himself as a teenager and when he was 16 years o f age he wrote a 50,000 word science fiction novel titled The AfterMath. He even wrote when he was getting a degree at the University of Maine for the college newspaper. In 1967 he made he first professional sale to a long-forgotten, occasionally wonderful magazine titled Startling Mystery Stories which brought his story, The Glass Floor. King continued to write even after graduating from the University of Maine in 1970. King got a job teaching English at Hampden academy. Married to his college sweetheart, Tabitha Spruce, and their birth of their first child in 1971. And still he wrote. In 1973 king wrote the book entitled Carrie and it was published a year later. Things begin to change for Stephen, he wrote The Shinning, Salems Lot, and a collection of short storie ...

Key Concepts in Conversation Analysis

Key Concepts in Conversation Analysis Though a man succeeds, he should not (as is frequently the case) engross the whole talk to himself; for that destroys the very essence of conversation, which is talking together .(William Cowper, On Conversation, 1756) In recent years, the related fields of discourse analysis and conversation analysis have deepened our understanding of the ways in which language is used in everyday life. Research in these fields has also widened the focus of other disciplines, including rhetoric and composition studies. To acquaint you with these fresh approaches to language study, weve put together a list of 15 key concepts related to the ways we talk. All of them are explained and illustrated in our Glossary of Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms, where youll find a name for . . . the assumption that participants in a conversation normally attempt to be informative, truthful, relevant, and clear: cooperative principlethe manner in which an orderly conversation normally takes place: turn-takinga type of turn-taking in which the second utterance (for example, Yes, please) depends on the first (Would you like some coffee?): adjacency paira noise, gesture, word, or expression used by a listener to indicate that he or she is paying attention to a speaker: back-channel signala face-to-face interaction in which one speaker talks at the same time as another speaker to show an interest in the conversation: cooperative overlapspeech that repeats, in whole or in part, what has just been said by another speaker: echo utterancea speech act that expresses concern for others and minimizes threats to self-esteem: politeness strategiesthe conversational convention of casting an imperative statement in question or declarative form (such as Would you pass me the potatoes?) to co mmunicate a request without causing offense: whimperative a particle (such as oh, well, you know, and I mean) thats used in conversation to make speech more coherent but that generally adds little meaning: discourse markera filler word (such as um) or a cue phrase (lets see) used to mark a hesitation in speech: editing termthe process by which a speaker recognizes a speech error and repeats what has been said with some sort of correction: repairthe interactive process by which speakers and listeners work together to ensure that messages are understood as intended: conversational groundingmeaning thats implied by a speaker but not explicitly expressed: conversational implicaturethe small talk that often passes for conversation at social gatherings: phatic communicationa style of public discourse that simulates intimacy by adopting features of informal, conversational language: conversationalization Youll find examples and explanations of these and over 1,500 other language-related expressions in our ever-expanding Glossary of Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms. Classic Essays on Conversation While conversation has only recently become an object of academic study, our conversational habits and quirks have long been of interest to essayists. (Not surprising if we accept the notion that the essay itself may be regarded as a conversation between writer and reader.) To take part in this ongoing conversation about conversation, follow the links to these eight classic essays. The Musical Instruments of Conversation, by Joseph Addison (1710) I must not here omit the bagpipe species, that will entertain you from morning to night with the repetition of a few notes which are played over and over, with the perpetual humming of a drone running underneath them. These are your dull, heavy, tedious, story-tellers, the load and burden of conversations. Of Conversation: An Apology, by H.G. Wells (1901) These conversationalists say the most shallow and needless of things, impart aimless information, simulate interest they do not feel, and generally impugn their claim to be considered reasonable creatures. . . . This pitiful necessity we are under, upon social occasions, to say something- however inconsequent- is, I am assured, the very degradation of speech. Hints Toward an Essay on Conversation, by Jonathan Swift (1713) This degeneracy of conversation, with the pernicious consequences thereof upon our humours and dispositions, hath been owing, among other causes, to the custom arisen, for sometime past, of excluding women from any share in our society, further than in parties at play, or dancing, or in the pursuit of an amour. Conversation, by Samuel Johnson (1752) No style of conversation is more extensively acceptable than the narrative. He who has stored his memory with slight anecdotes, private incidents, and personal peculiarities, seldom fails to find his audience favourable. On Conversation, by William Cowper (1756) We should try to keep up conversation like a ball bandied to and fro from one to the other, rather than seize it all to ourselves, and drive it before us like a football. Childs Talk, by Robert Lynd (1922) Ones ordinary conversation seems so far beneath the level of a small child. To say to it, What wonderful weather weve been having! would seem an outrage. The child would merely stare. Talking About Our Troubles, by Mark Rutherford (1901) [A]s a rule, we should be very careful for our own sake not to speak much about what distresses us. Expression is apt to carry with it exaggeration, and this exaggerated form becomes henceforth that under which we represent our miseries to ourselves, so that they are thereby increased. Disintroductions by Ambrose Bierce (1902) [W]hat I am affirming is the horror of the characteristic American custom of promiscuous, unsought and unauthorized introductions. You incautiously meet your friend Smith in the street; if you had been prudent you would have remained indoors. Your helplessness makes you desperate and you plunge into conversation with him, knowing entirely well the disaster that is in cold storage for you. These essays on conversation can be found in our large collection of Classic British and American Essays and Speeches.

Performance Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Performance Management - Essay Example Furthermore, it is often considered as the process where various resources of the organisation or any particular department are utilised efficiently in order to successfully attain the broad objectives of the organisation (Patterson & et. al., 2003). It has been noted from the provided case that Gearflex Co, a retail chain that deals with car accessories has grown to become the market leader in this particular sector in the recent times. However, it is believed that this leap of the company is relatively due to its effective decision making ability regarding the domain of performance management. One such decision can be attributed with the approach of the company to implement ‘Beyond Budgeting’ model in its operational activities. It is further observed that the operational director of the company is largely responsible for this change initiation related to the organisational strategy. This aspect has further influenced the management of the company to select the operati onal director to deliver a presentation in a particular conference that has the participation of managers from various retail sector of the world. Aim of the Report Contextually, the aim of this report presentation will be to demonstrate the scenarios which has influenced the operational department of Gearflex Co to select Beyond Budgeting’ model for their operation. These factors will include the potential problems associated with traditional budgeting techniques including several behavioural aspects as well as the benefits the organisation has gained by shifting to Beyond Budgeting’ model. Problems and Weaknesses in Traditional Budgeting Approach Over the years various forms of budgeting technique has been implemented by organisations in their operational purposes. Among those, the line-item budgeting or traditional budgeting is quite commonly applied budgeting model. This type of budgeting was devised with the intention to deal with the rising issues of organisation al setting including the area of purchasing, bidding, accounting as well as auditing among others. Over the years, this approach was seen to be extensively employed in organisational operation as a full time budgeting tool delivering potentially noteworthy results for the overall business. However, with the emergence of contemporary business environment, companies has started to realize the need of replacing traditional budgeting approach with a more flexible and efficient model. This is due to certain problems and weaknesses associated with traditional budgeting approach which are being highlighted subsequently (Cheong, 2013). There are several potential problems association with the aspect of traditional budgeting. First is the factor of time. Notably, traditional budgeting consumes a lot of time in its execution. Reportedly, companies in most of the scenarios take more than six months to execute traditional budgeting. This aspect hampers the efficiency of organisational operation . Furthermore, it has also been analysed that since traditional budgeting takes longer duration in its completion, organisations are also required to provide resources for a longer basis which further increase the cost of the company concerning

W4 Disc Balanced Scorecard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W4 Disc Balanced Scorecard - Essay Example Office of Personnel Management, n.d.). The process was evaluated in terms of its ability to link the organization’s mission and vision into the development of strategies that are deemed to be instrumental in the attainment of identified goals. The potential outcomes would depend on the objectives stipulated under each of the four perspectives. For instance, under financial perspectives, the outcome could be indicated as increase of 20% in profits; while under customer’s perspectives, the outcome could be increased customer satisfaction and retention. The strengths of the balanced scorecard method are as follows: (1) the ability to assess the direction of the organization using the designed strategies through measuring outcomes as against stipulated objectives; (2) it provides a holistic view of the performance of the organization from the short-term to the long-term time frame (Bowen, 2011); and (3) strategies could be adjusted, corrected and improved according to indicated performance metrics. On the other hand, the weaknesses of the balance scorecard include: (1) the extensive amount of collaborative effort to define objectives and designing strategies that fit the performance metrics; (2) exclusion of competition; and (3) fitting the requirements of this performance tool to cater to the needs of the organization (Bowen, 2011). U.S. Office of Personnel Management. (n.d.). Using a Balanced Scorecard Approach to Measure Performance. Retrieved from opm.gov:

Law and mangement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law and mangement - Essay Example e individual/ parties to an agreement identify the formation and termination terms of contract incorporating in as well as the privileges plus tasks of the participating groups under that contract (David, 2009). The acceptance of a contract of a suggestion takes place while there is an untrained recognition of the entire accessible terms. Despite the fact that, this is extraordinary as well as there will usually be a time of collaboration. New terms as well as conditions presented in the course of cooperation in consequence quantity to a succession of responses to present the unique offer, cancelling the conditions and terms of the unusual offer (Contract). If an agreement is prepared, and for any cause it afterward turns out to be unworkable to for one party to act upon their obligations, then we need to think about frustration. Be cautious to note that frustration is about following impossibility; if an agreement was impossible to carry out right from the beginning, then the matter is one of error and not frustration (Smithies, 2007). Frustration of contract is a fake declaration of contracting details prepared through one participating contract party to another participating party as well as has the outcome of suggest that contacting group party into the agreement. For instance, beneath definite state of affairs, frustration of contract makes a statements or promise prepared through a retailer of goods concerning the excellence or feature of the manufactured goods that the vendor has may encompass the developed standards or misrepresentation. A conclusion of falsification permits for a conduct of rescission as well as irregularly gu arantee depending on the kind of distortion (Smithies, 2007). In this situation Harry offer his Motor Cycle for sale to Ian at $ 500. The main mistake done here is the establishment of any detailed document for regarding the offer. Here no time limit is defined no prices is established. In this situation Harry is free to sale his

Dramatic Tension in this final act Essay Example for Free

Dramatic Tension in this final act Essay Perplexed still, we get the impression that John Proctor wants his life but cannot stand having a guilty conscience. Elizabeth perhaps adds to his puzzlement, I want you living John. Thats sure. This is the first real emotion we have seen between them in the play. Elizabeths words finally persuades John to save himself, and as he confess Rebecca Nurse is brought in. Her presence makes John ashamed and guilty, especially when asked Did you ever see Rebecca Nurse with the devil? He is under immense pressure and when at last he is asked for his signed testimony we realise another factor as to why he took the ultimate sacrifice. Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I live and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul, leave me my name! The presence of Rebecca Nurse, a saint in his eyes, the importance of his name are all important factors as to why John Proctor gives up his life, but he also realises he will die a good man. It is the one good thing he can do for Elizabeth after all the pain he has caused her. There is a dignity in what he is doing for himself, Elizabeth and his own community. He is an important figure in his society and by standing up to the corruption and being brave enough he is truly doing the right thing but not just for himself. The last act shows John proctors emotions and his own physical bodily actions in agony, but when he tears up his false testimony his can stand up straight for the first time. His death will also bring redemption from his own guilt. He has made a statement as to how un-just and corrupt their justice system was, and by leaving behind a world of prosecution and pragmatism he has become a man of principle. In act four, John Proctor decides to give up his own life rather than confess to being with the devil falsely. We encounter Proctor as a different character, a martyr, almost Christ like. Procter wavers, and at one stage he wants his life, I will have my life, but at the last minute he tears up his confession to save his integrity. Arthur Miller builds up the tension in the last act by using the interaction of characters, language and stage directions. Arthur Miller reveals a characters innermost thoughts and feelings. In comparison to Act two, when Elizabeth and John Proctors conversation had been confrontational and short plagued by the crime John had committed, in the last act when they meet for the final time, they act truly in love and this is portrayed by the stage directions given to the actors. John is described to be weak of body, but seems to be stronger here than at any other time in the play.

Common Misconceptions of Islam Essay -- Papers

Did you know that there are currently 1.5 billion Muslims living throughout the world? One in every five people in this world is a Muslim. It is proven that Islam is the fastest growing faith in the world and also happens to be the most widely and openly misunderstood faith as well. Americans have misconceptions about Muslims concerning the rights of Muslim women and whether Muslims believe in the existence of Jesus. "When a gunman attacks a mosque in the name of Judaism, a Catholic IRA guerrilla sets off a bomb in an urban area, or Serbian Orthodox militiaman rapes and kills innocent Muslim civilians, these acts are not used to stereotype an entire faith." How many times is it heard that a Christian, Jew, or any other majority robbed a bank or was involved in a mass murder? Very few, which is ironic because once a Muslim does such perils, it is blamed on the faith on whole and not the individual that makes that decision. Islam can literally be translated to mean submission to God and is derived from the root word meaning peace. One should always remember to go to the true source of Islam and separate what the true religion of Islam says from what is portrayed in the media. Many consider Islam an exotic religion or even too extreme for the modern world. But this is because religion does not dominate everyday life in the West, where as, Islam is consider a way of life for many Muslims; who from the teachings of the Quran have learned to balance their material and spiritual life. Like Christianity, Islam only permits fighting in self-defense, in defense of religion (but not the excuse for your own personal or political purposes), or on... ...mething it all gets blamed on the faith? The American government has been at war for almost two years to give rights to the people of Iraq, but how much of a difference can they actually make when their own people don't get proper rights? They say the people have freedom of speech, religion, and etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦but in reality they have nothing. If the government wanted unity between the people than they would create a better understand on a situation rather than turning citizens against each other. A recent example of how much the American government 'cares' for the rights of the people is shown through the pictures they found of the prisons are being taken care of in Iraq. Many misconceptions of religion, culture, and just people on a whole would be cleared if the government and media did not exploit them for their own advantage.

Looking for a hotel where kids are welcome? :: Essays Papers

Looking for a hotel where kids are welcome? GRAPH The well-known comic The Family Circus by Bil Keane, which is run in over 1500 newspapers, shows the hectic life of an American family, giving meaning to the saying, "Kids will be kids." It is based on the actual life of Bil Keane’s family and his experiences as a child. The most commonly noted features of his comic are the circular shape he often encloses the pictures in, and the dotted line that follows the children around, giving away their every move. Many other cartoonists try to capture the Family Circus mood by incorporating these features into their own works. GRAPH The Wyndham Hotels & Resorts advertisement uses this technique to show the path your child may take around the room of a hotel, where there is nothing else for them to do. It describes the creative and active characteristics of children, who require near constant entertainment that keeps them busy and uses their developing mind. At Wyndham hotels, they understand that keeping your children entertained is a challenging task for you, the parent, which is why they provide an activity package for your kids. The disapproving glare from behind the desk that is sometimes given to parents as they walk into a nice hotel with their three young children is often mirrored to pet-owners, which I can relate to. This gives you a feeling of insecurity and makes you feel unwelcome. I know I appreciate when the hotel at which I am planning to stay has a special feature for pets because then I know not only am I welcome, but that they also welcome my dog. The feeling is similar with parents wanting their children to be welcome. You know from watching Nickelodeon and Nick Jr. with your kids, how much they love Spongebob Squarepants. Moreover, you know that sleepovers are fun. Wyndham Hotels & Resorts also know this, which is why they are advertising this Spongebob Squarepants sleepover party package.